SYNTHESIS OF ALKENES
Hoffmann Degradation
of a Quaternary Ammonium Hydroxide
A VIC-Dihalide and Zinc
Chugaev Dehydration of Alcohols
Tertiary alcohols are dehydrated more easily than secondary, and secondary more easily than primary.
(Conc. Sulfuric Acid, syrupy Phosphoric Acid or Aluminum Oxide may be used in place of Phosporus Pentoxide.)
REACTIONS OF ALKENES
X may be Cl, Br, I or OSO3H
(This reaction follows Markownikoff's Rule:
X attaches to the carbon of the double bond that has the least number of hydrogens)
(In a hypohalous acid the halogen is positive:
Addition follows Markownikoff's Rule.)
(In the presence of a Peroxide, Hydrobromic Acid adds to
an Olefin contrary to Markownikoff's Rule.)
(Some 1,2-addition also occurs.)
(The carbonyl group influences addition contrary to Markownikoff's Rule.)
Diels-Alder Reaction
Baeyer's Test for Unsaturation
(A positive test decolorizes a violet solution of potassium permanganate)